nichearticlelibrary

2010-04-28T00:03:00.000-07:00

USA's Endless Bookshelf on Iran:

The Library of Congress is looking for a few thousand good Persian books.

What's already one of the largest collections of Iranian-related and Persian-language materials in the world - 60,000 books in Persian alone, part of the world's largest library - has been growing steadily in recent years. That's in part because of one of the few exchange programs between the United States and Iran, which have no diplomatic relations: The National Library of Iran sends the Library of Congress a list of books and scholarly papers - as many as 4,000 titles, every few months - while the Library of Congress does the same with its surplus, and the librarians on each side pick the ones they want. The arrangement began in 2004, following the librarian of Congress's visit to Iran.

But Hirad Dinavari, reference librarian for the Library of Congress's Iranian World section, said the titles that come to Washington through the official exchange program are only a start. After all, he said, the Library of Congress' mission is more comprehensive. So it goes shopping for more.

It has a large market in which to shop. "There is quite a bit of publishing. Iran's publishing industry has really boomed," Dinavari said.

Of the 54,000-plus books that the Iranian Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance said were published in Iran last year, he said, more than 20,000 were translations, which the library doesn't collect. "We tend to collect things that are native to that culture, in the vernacular language and published for the first time by people in that country," he said. Nor will it acquire Persian-language textbooks or books on medicine or agriculture, unless the subject is "something unique to that country."

"So of the rest, 7,000 to 10,000 are academic and worthy of collecting," he said, mostly in the social sciences and humanities. And with the help of a vendor in Tehran - and with the knowledge of the U.S. and Iranian governments - the library buys 6,000 to 8,000 of those books each year.

But that's not all.

Dinavari said he realized a few years ago that the library was missing out on many of the scholarly books published by the Iranian diaspora. "A lot of our educated and best and brightest have left," he said. "They're in Europe; they're in America and Canada." And they're writing about their homeland.

Some books come in automatically. Since the 1800s, authors who want copyright protection in the United States have been required to send copies of their works to the Library of Congress to register them. That requirement built most of the library's collections of materials published in the United States.

But Dinavari said some small publishers fail to deposit copies of their works at the copyright office, and so the library is sometimes obliged to track down what it needs. A vendor in Los Angeles sends the library Persian books and other materials published in North America, as well as titles in Kurdish, Pashto, Assyrian, Aramaic and Azerbaijani, and books on topics related to Iran.

In Europe, Dinavari said, the Iranian, Afghan, Kurdish and Assyrian communities are "more active in publishing versus the folks here," in part because so many regime critics settled there, and in part because of European government programs that support writers.

"We have a vendor in Sweden ... who is getting for us Persian, Kurdish, Afghan - the whole gamut of the diaspora that's there. He got us quite a bit of the Assyrian material," Dinavari said.

Another vendor specializes in materials from the central Asian republics, which for Dinavari means especially from Tajikistan, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan.

For Afghan material, a Library of Congress office in Islamabad, Pakistan, works with vendors in Kandahar and Kabul. Dinavari lamented the quality of the paper used by Afghan publishers, but said, "The publishing in Afghanistan has boomed."

"The Islamabad office also looks for the small amount of Persian material that is still being published in the subcontinent, in India and Pakistan, which are mostly academic, poetry, anthologies and things like that," he said.

Add to that the Pashto publications from Pakistan and Afghanistan, and "a significant amount of Baluchi."

Historians also will find a treasure trove of Iranian newspapers at the Library of Congress - including banned newspapers. "Of the 120 major [banned newspapers], we have been able to locate 60 of them, the full run, anything from six months to a year," Dinavari said.

"We're not getting all of it. I wish we could get all of it," he added.

The library also has built a collection of Iranian and Afghan music. On Dinavari's first shopping trip to an Afghan market in nearby Alexandria, Virginia, "I think they sold us some 500 CDs right there. We got all the CDs we could." The Iranian music, purchased in Los Angeles, includes broadcasts of the popular Golha radio shows from the 1950s, '60s and '70s with classical poetry and music; but Dinavari credits Jane Lewisohn, an American and a longtime resident in Iran, with collecting a superior Golha archive for the British Library.

Then there are films. "I went ahead and recommended a good sampling of the award-winning films from the Iranian cinema after the revolution that have become world-famous now, on DVD, and all the films we could buy, 200 of them, from the shah's time that are banned now in Iran," he said.

A project begun about two years ago with Stanford University has been archiving a sampling of 600 Iranian blogs, a tiny percentage of what has been published, Dinavari said. Some follow the daily lives of ordinary Iranians; some focus on topics of particular interest to the writers, such as poetry; and some reflect Iran's political unrest.

Also included in the collections are a number of oral history projects, including one from the Iranian Jewish community in Los Angeles and another from an Iranian archivist based in Germany on Iranian opposition groups.

All of the material is available to anyone, at no charge. Although the Library of Congress provides services to federal agencies and members of Congress, most users are researchers not connected to government.

The outreach effort to collect material is substantial, Dinavari said, but necessary: "That's what you have to do, especially with the changes in the last 10 years, the amount of publishing that is happening in all these places. ... It is crucial not to miss out."

About America.gov: U.S. State Department's Bureau of International Information Programs (IIP) engages international audiences on issues of foreign policy, society and values to help create an environment receptive to U.S. national interests.

2008-01-27T21:09:00.000-08:00

A Day in Malaysia
A Malaysian Day is not to be conceived as a day famous by Malaysians to symbolize any particular event. In reality it should denote a usual day of any Malaysian, a microcosm of what is in the daily life a Malaysian amidst the rapid developments in the urban areas and the well-conserved rural environment. My story is spin from my knowledge during a five-day holiday in Malaysia. You are going back to Malaysia, my parents announced suddenly, handing me air tickets, thus ending weeks of uncertainty as to where I was to spend my month-long winter holiday. I was to spend four days in Malaysia, my birth place, a place I had not seen in 16 years, since we motivated to Birmingham. Day 1 All doubts seemed to lighten however, as I step on board Malaysia Airlines aircraft.
I was lovingly by the smiling kebaya-clad air stewardesses of the airline. Hours seemed to fly as the flight progress, leaving London in the evening and arriving at dawn in Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. I gaze out of the window, impressed by the rolling acres of palm trees which sprawled over the humongous oil palm estates.

2008-01-21T21:31:00.001-08:00

A Long Ways
When it comes to equal opportunity between men and women in particular dealing with athletics, there come contrasting viewpoints as to how this parity should be obtained. The text of Title IX clearly states that no human being in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be disqualified from sharing in, be without the remuneration of, or be subjected to favoritism under any education program or activity getting Federal financial assistance. This text of title IX forbids any means of inequity on the basis of sex to any individual in all federally assisted education programs. Title IX has been a great achievement for the U.S. in the effort towards parity for women.
Since Title IX became law back in 1972, remarkable changes have been made to level the playing fields of this nation’s schools and to change the observation of the place of girls and women on them. Not only are more women participating in sports, they are participating in sports that were traditionally not engaged by women--such as lacrosse, wrestling, soccer, rugby and ice hockey.

2008-01-09T00:01:00.000-08:00

A Burning Desire for Hockey
Many people are tried to have many special hobbies. Ice Hockey immediately happened to be mine. It is been almost twenty years since my mother and father takes me Ice Skating. When i was three years old. Before I move any further I would like to tell you that I come from a family that has an extended record of hockey players. My grandfather on both my mothers and fathers part played hockey. I still had a grandma on my mother’s side that play field hockey in Duluth, MN. My biggest pressure in the game of hockey was from my father, he and his brother played hockey for the college of Illinois. As a childhood I wore my dad’s old hockey jersey throughout my few years of hockey. To say the least, I dreamed of being a qualified hockey player. It was not until I was playing at the high school level that I learn hockey is other than a game.
It was always expressed that hockey was a very physical and dangerous sport and it really did not sink in until I started playing confirm to hockey. A hockey player generally enters this physical state of the game around the age of twelve to fourteen. As I grew older the speed of the game got closer, thus made the complexity of the game do a180.

2008-01-01T21:31:00.001-08:00

Aspect of Life
Throughout life people make various decisions upon life, some of which are less significant as others. One of the main decisions I took was that in which I had decided to leave my old life in China and come to Australia. After all, I always wanted to travel around the world. Now after expenses half of my life here, I would like to bid farewell to a few of favorable memories of home.

Send-off to the little girl that played .I expect I will come back to home soon and see you all again. With me when I was in kinder garden who helped me get through my first day away from mum. Thank you for pleasing me to the dentist when my tooth was painful at the middle of the night. Goodbye to the teachers who carried me in her upper body when I cry in tears every morning seeing my mum go to work without me.

2007-12-20T02:39:00.001-08:00

Arts
The leading theme of his maturity human struggle with the forces of nature. As a young-looking man, he received his start as an illustrator of magazines. He became a normal contributor of design drawings to Harper's Weekly, one of the nation most admired magazines of the time. After spending a year in Paris in 1856, he returned to the U.S. with a better accepting of the light in impressionism even though he was not really influenced by French art. In the early 1860's, Homer made several trips to the front lines of some Civil War battle in Virginia. It was from sketches he made there that he formed his first main oil work, Prisoners from the Front, Metropolitan Museum, New York City.

The United States has produced its own breed of painter true to the vision and character of the nation. In the nineteenth century, one of its most Winslow Homer. Classified as an American naturalist painter. Winslow was a self-taught artist who became most famous for his views of the American landscape and most Taking up solitary habitation on the Maine coast at Prout's Neck, he produced such masterpieces of realism as Eight Bells in it the drama of the sea scene is imbue with an epic, heroic quality that symbolizes.

2007-12-11T21:07:00.001-08:00

Art of Loving
According to Erich From, love is the best react to the problem of human being. Love is the most satisfying accomplishment of humanity’s most powerful aspiration the desire of interpersonal union. Having a capacity of grave thinking and self-awareness, humans realized their aloneness and separateness, their individuality and their short life span. The desire for interpersonal fusion is the most powerful motivated in man. It is the most fundamental passion; it is the force which keeps the human race together family, clan, society, nation, and world. As mentioned above, love, turns out to be the most satisfying of all approach to transcend limits of individual life. All forms of orgiastic unions are powerful and even violent; they are temporary and periodical. It is a union in which the individual self disappears to a large extent and where the aim is to belong to the group. There is orgiastic state, which may have the form of sexual orgasm, alcohol, drugs and etc. Regrettably, equality today means sameness, rather that oneness. Orgiastic unions result in a growing sense of separateness. People try to be equal by performing tasks and feelings agreed by the system and trying to follow the same rules, the same model of life from the age three or four. Union by conformity is calm and it is permanent.

2007-12-06T21:07:00.000-08:00

Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine Lavoisier was one of the best-known French scientists and was a main government official. His theories of combustion, his growth of a way to classify the fundamentals and the first new textbook of chemistry led to his being known as the father of modern chemistry. He contributed too much of the research in the field of chemistry. He is quoted for saying, nothing is lost, nothing is created, and everything is transformed. He bore in Paris, France on Aug. 26, 1743. When he was eleven years old he attends a college called Mazain. For Lavoisier's last two years in college he creates an enormous deal of attention in science.
He received an excellent teaching and developed an interest in all branches of science, particularly chemistry. Abbe Nicolas Louis de Lacaill trained Lavoisier about meteorological examination. On 1763 Lavoisier expected his bachelor's degree and on 1764 a licentiate which allowed him to practice his profession. In his extra time he studied books of science. His first paper was written about gypsum, also recognized by hydrated calcium sulfate. He describes its chemical and physical property.

2007-11-26T21:05:00.001-08:00

Automobiles in Society
This paper is a study of the impact of the growing of automobiles on the global environment, people’s lives and health, and the structure of Western culture. In addition to explore the impact of automobiles, technologies that have been developed to cope with the problems will be examined, as well as potential long-term solutions to the community and ecological problems caused by automobiles.
While the ecological impact of automobiles on society may be supposed in more material terms, the size of its social impact is more abstract in its definition. Mark Delucchi suggests that the total social cost of automobile use is the welfare difference between the current motor vehicle system and a system which provides accurately the same services but without time, manpower, materials, or energy - in short without cost. This interpretation of the social cost of automobiles alludes to several general categories of impact, such as personal non-monetary costs, bundled private sector costs, government costs, and various externalities.

2007-11-20T21:16:00.000-08:00

Essentials of healthy life-cleanliness a brief review
Health is wealth so preserve it. Life is short so use it in the right way. Cleanliness merely fits with the apt meaning of being free from dirt, dust, germs and bad smells. A recent shift has now taken place to recognise that 'germs' may play a major role in our immune systems. So experts say washing hands frequently, specially when in an environment of many people with infections and diseases. Washing is one of the best way to achieve cleanliness.Have a brief overlook on the following issue to be aware of how to keep one self clean.
A step way process regarding cleanliness of hands is given below:
• Use warm water
• But avoid scorching your hands.
• Use anti-bacterial soap or hand wash.
• Wash between fingers and use paper towels to wipe off.
Washing of hands has to be followed
• Before eating
• After eating
• After using the toilet
• After playing outdoor games
• After attending to a sick person
• After blowing nose, coughing, or sneezing; and after handling pets.
The proverb "Cleanliness is next to Godliness," a common phrase that describes humanity's high opinion of being clean. Purposes of cleanliness include health, beauty and to avoid the spreading of germs .If your hands have any kind of skin cut or infection, wash hands with an anti bacterial soap. Thoroughly wash with hot, soapy water all surfaces that come in contact with raw meat, poultry, fish, and eggs before moving on to the next step in food preparation. Consider using paper towels to clean kitchen surfaces.
Keep pets, household cleaners, and other chemicals away from food and surfaces used for food. Along with removing any old food or dirty water, it's a very good practice to clean the bowls or containers that the food and water are in, ever Hygienic practices—such as frequent hand washing or the use of boiled (and thus sterilized) water have a profound impact on reducing the spread of disease. This is because they kill or remove disease-causing microbes (germs) in the immediate surroundings. For instance, washing one's hands after using the toilet and before handling food reduces the chance of spreading E. coli bacteria and Hepatitis A, both of which are spread from fecal contamination of food.-healthy
Personal cleanliness:sadblack1
common

• Daily washing of the body and hair.
• More frequent washing of hands and face.
• Oral hygiene—Daily brushing teeth.
• Cleaning of the clothes and living area.
• Use of bandaging and dressing of wounds.
• Not touching animals before eating.
• avoidance of unhygienic people.
• Holding a tissue in your hand when coughing or sneezeing.
• Suppression of habits such as spitting or nose-picking.
• Washing hands before eating.
• Not licking fingers before picking up sheets of paper.
• Cut finger nails and toe nails.

2007-11-13T01:02:00.001-08:00

Early Stages of a pregnant woman and her health
Pregnancy is not an easy job for a woman. Starting from conception to birth, a woman's body carries out the most miraculous process of fertilization, implantation and the maturity and growth of her baby (or babies). Her body is her baby's dwelling place for the next nine months (or around 40 weeks) and the occurrences of pregnancy turn into a journey of many new physical feelings. Whether it is first, second, third (or more) pregnancy, her body will respond in a different way to each individual pregnancy. So health of a pregnant woman is very important to be taken care of.

Throughout the first 12 weeks of pregnancy called the '1st trimester’, a woman's body adjust to present a fostering and protective environment for her baby to grow and develop. Seldom, the early signs of pregnancy can make a woman feel puzzled. This may be for the reason that many of the physical signs of in the early hours of pregnancy such as enlarged tender breasts, sensitivity of tiredness, overstuffed and perhaps experiencing spasms and/or pelvic uneasiness can be considered as normal pre-menstrual signs. In all these stages the health of the woman declines because she is not only feeding herself, also her little developing fetus.

They may also sense disgusted or sick, due to morning sickness. It is not unusual to feel unsure about what is 'normal' during the early stages of pregnancy development, and unfamiliar signs or sensations may trigger concerns about the health, of her and baby. It’s been proved by the Gynecologists that every woman's body will react in a different way to being pregnant. Many women find their early pregnancy symptoms very difficult to cope with, both at work and generally.

Due to continuous vomiting and nourishing the fetus the pregnant woman may be exhausted very easily. She has to constantly keep her energetic by maintaining a healthy diet schedule as prescribed by the physicians. She can have more fresh green vegetables and fruit juices to make her feel fresh and energetic. It’s always significant to make sure that she avoids drinking and smoking because whatever she has will be directly absorbed by the baby. Once the fetus starts developing she has to get primed for all the obstacles she has to experience throughout pregnancy. Many psychologists predict that a healthy pregnancy is not only from taking care of the nutrition for the pregnant women, more than that she has to be taken care from all the hassles in her family. It’s the duty of a loving husband to caress her comfortably and keep her happy always throughout the gestation period. This will not only make the woman feel happy and hopeful it will directly lead to the good development of the fetus.

2007-11-06T22:36:00.000-08:00

A Brave New Audience
Over time, technology has become highly developed. This is adverse for mankind because the more superior, the more serious television gets, the not as good as it is for its viewers. It always feeds people information with which they take in without even significant its perils. What they think is an admirable source of information, is actually a hazardous medium through which millions of Americans reduce their intelligence. According to Neil Postman, it is simply just a damage of content because it focuses more on descriptions, rather than content.
In Postman's essay, The Huxleyan Warning, he exhorts readers that Huxley's prophecies are launch to be realized. He claims that society will enchain themselves through their love for their own oppression; the technologies that disable their abilities to think. This technology comes through the shape of a television screen. These prophecies, which were first introduced to us by Aldous Huxley, are observable in the movie The Truman Show. Truman is a normal human being, accidentally being watched by billions of viewers ever since his birth. Viewers are stuck to their television sets watching his every move.

2007-11-01T21:49:00.000-07:00

A Need for Welfare
There is an old joke that asked where you find a welfare recipient’s check under his work boots of course. For a long time now, since the expert formation of a stable government, the U.S government has had the programs and passed laws that either dealt with issues of or influenced family. Many of these family programs and laws currently in place today are often and usually debated. One of the most debated and most labored over family programs or laws are welfare.
This is because there is now a smallest amount of income so the poor no longer have the need to go out and commit crimes to attain such money.

2007-10-22T04:34:00.000-07:00

A Brief History of the Internet
By default, any ultimate history of the Internet must be short, since the Internet in one form or another has only been in reality for less than 30 years. The first iteration of the Internet was launched in 1971 with a community showing in early on 1972. This new network, recognized as ARPANET. It means Advanced Research Projects Agency Network was very ancient by today's standards, but an objective in computer interactions.
ARPANET was based upon the design concepts of Larry Roberts (MIT) and was fleshed out at the first ACM colloquium, held in Gaithersburg, TN in 1966, although RFPs weren't sent out until mid 1968.
The responsibility of security in 1969 commissioned ARPANET, and the first node was created at the University of California in Los Angeles, administration on a Honeywell DDP-516 mini-computer. The second node was recognized at Standford University and launched on October first of the same year. The third node was situated at the University of California, Santa Barbara November 1, 1969 and the fourth was opened at the University of Utah in December.

2007-10-14T22:21:00.000-07:00

New definition of planet
International Astronomical Union proposed that the term "planet" be redefined to include other objects beyond the traditional nine planets considered a part of the solar system in the year 2006. On August 24, 2006 in Prague, in the Czech Republic the members of the IAU will vote on the proposal. They have included three planets they are Ceres which is considered as a planet, then an asteroid. The next comes the Charon previously measured as a moon of Pluto would be considered as double planet under this proposed definition. And then comes the finally discovered 2003 UB313 also named as Xena. It is quite possible that, after more searching, astronomers will discover more objects in the solar system that meet this new definition.

2007-10-08T22:17:00.000-07:00

Jewellery

One universal issue is control over who could wear what jewellery, a point which indicate the powerful symbolism the wearing of jewellery evoked. In ancient Rome, for instance, only convinced ranks could wear rings; later, sumptuary laws dictated who could wear what type of jewellery; again based on rank. Cultural dictate have also played a important role; for example, the wearing of earrings by Western men was considered "effeminate" in the 19th and early 20th centuries. on the other hand, the jewellery industry in the early 20th century launched a crusade to popularize wedding rings for men — which caught on — as well as appointment rings for men , going so far as to make a false history and claim that the practice had Medieval roots. By the mid 1940s, 85% of weddings in the U.S. feature a double-ring ceremony, up from 15% in the 1920s.Religion has also played a role: Islam, for instance, consider the wearing of gold by men as a social taboo,and many religions have edicts against extreme display.

2007-10-02T03:17:00.001-07:00

Advertising
Advertising is a traditional Society. This paper shows the difficulties of promoting products in conventional societies such as traditional Muslim countries. Advertising is a major marketing implement for organizations to sell their products and services. The paper argues that in conservative societies however, it is virtually impossible to convey message in a smart way. This paper discusses the Saudi society and the approaches to advertising as compared to the United States. It discusses advertising mediums such as television commercial and the internet and shows how messages put across to the consumer differ between the two countries, based on cultural demands.
Extensive hard work is made to keep the society segregated so that no mingling or socializing for the two is possible. As a result, educational institutes are segregated and the place of work does not employ women much. There are harsh laws regarding women covering themselves, traveling with a male relation and driving. In addition, media, along with the Internet, is heavily concealed for any trace of irreligious content.

2007-09-25T22:43:00.000-07:00

Rod cells
Rod cells, or rods, are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that can function in less intense light than can the other type of photoreceptor, cone cells. Since they are more light-sensitive, rods are responsible for night vision. Named for their cylindrical shape, rods are concentrated at the outer edges of the retina and are used in peripheral vision. There are about 100 million rod cells in the human retina.

A rod cell is sensitive enough to respond to a single photon of light, and is about 100 times more sensitive to a single photon than cones. Since rods require less light to function than cones, they are therefore the primary source of visual information at night . Cone cells, on the other hand, require tens to hundreds of photons to become activated. Additionally, multiple rod cells converge on a single interneuron, collecting and amplifying the signals. However, this convergence comes at a cost to visual acuity since the pooled information from multiple cells is less distinct than it would be if the visual system received information from each rod cell individually. The convergence of rod cells also tends to make peripheral vision very sensitive to movement, and is responsible for the phenomenon of individuals seeing something vague occur out of the corner of his or her eye.Because they have only one type of light sensitive pigment, rather than the three types that human cone cells have, rods have little, if any, role in color vision.

Rod cells also respond more slowly to light than cones do, so stimuli they receive are added over about 100 milliseconds. While this makes rods more sensitive to smaller amounts of light, it also means that their ability to sense temporal changes, such as quickly changing images is less accurate than that of cones However, if multiple flashes of sub-threshold light occurs during the 100 millisecond period, the energy of the flashes of light would summate to produce a light which will reach threshold and send a signal to the brain.

Experiments by George Wald and others showed that rods are more sensitive to the blue area of the spectrum, and are completely insensitive to wavelengths above about 640 nm . This fact is responsible for the Purkinje effect, in which blue colors appear more intense relative to reds in darker light, when rods take over as the cells responsible for vision.

Like cones, rod cells have a synaptic terminal, an inner segment, and an outer segment. The synaptic terminal forms a synapse with another neuron, for example a bipolar cell. The inner and outer segments are connected by a cilium. The inner segment contains organelles and the cell's nucleus, while the outer segment, which is pointed toward the front of the eye, contains the light-absorbing materials.

2007-09-19T22:25:00.000-07:00

Bread
Bread is a staple food of European, Middle Eastern, Mexican and Indian cultures which is prepared by baking, steaming, or frying dough. Bread consists minimally of flour and water; salt is present in most cases; and usually a leavening agent such as yeast is used. Breads may also contain some amounts of sugar, spices, fruit, vegetables, nuts, or seeds. There are a wide variety of breads, with preferences differing from region to region.

Fresh bread is prized for its taste and texture, and retaining its freshness is important to keep it appetizing. Bread that has stiffened or dried past its prime is said to be stale. Modern bread is often wrapped in paper or plastic film, or stored in airtight containers such as a breadbox to keep it fresh longer. Bread that is kept in warm moist environments is prone to the growth of mold. It becomes stale more quickly in the low temperature of a refrigerator, although by keeping it cool, mold is less likely to grow. A way to keep bread longer is to put it in the freezer, preserving it for several weeks.

2007-09-10T23:51:00.001-07:00

Bahrain
Bahrain, officially the Kingdom of Bahrain , is a borderless island nation in the Persian Gulf . Saudi Arabia lies to the west and is connected to Bahrain by the King Fahd Causeway , and Qatar is to the south across thePersian Gulf. The Qatar–Bahrain Friendship Bridge, currently being planned, will link Bahrain to Qatar as the longest fixed link in the world.
Bahrain is the smallest, in terms of population, Arab nation in the world, and the smallest Arab member of the United Nations. It is also the least populous country in mainland Asia .

2007-09-04T23:01:00.000-07:00

British Broadcasting Corporation
The British Broadcasting Corporation, usually known as the BBC is the major broadcasting company in the world, employing 26,000 staff in the UK alone and with a budget of £4 billion. Founded in 1922 as the British Broadcasting Company Ltd, it was subsequently incorporated and made a state-owned but independent corporation in 1927. The corporation produces programmes and information services, broadcasting on television, radio, and the Internet. The declared assignment of the BBC is "to inform, educate and entertain", and the motto of the BBC is Nation Shall Speak Peace Unto Nation.

The BBC is a quasi-autonomous Public Corporation operating as a public service broadcaster. The Corporation is currently run by a board of governors appointed by the Queen on the advice of government ministers; but the BBC is, per its charter, to be "free from both political and commercial influence and answers only to its viewers and listeners".

Its domestic programming and broadcasts are mostly funded by levying television license fees, although money is also raised through business tricks such as sale of merchandise and programming. The BBC World Service, however, is funded by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. In order to justify the license fee the BBC is expected to produce a number of high-rating shows in addition to programmes that commercial broadcasters would not normally broadcast. Quite often domestic audiences have affectionately referred to the BBC as the Beeb, Kenny Everett or as Auntie; the latter said to originate in the somewhat old fashioned Auntie knows best attitude dating back to the early days when John Reith was in charge. Occasionally the terms are used together as Auntie Beeb.

2007-08-29T22:02:00.001-07:00

Journalism Basics
Journalism is a concrete, professionally oriented major that involves gathering, interpreting, distilling, and other reporting information to the general audiences through a variety of media means. Journalism majors learn about every possible kind of Journalism (including magazine, newspaper, online journalism, photojournalism, broadcast journalism, and public relations).

That's not all, though. In addition to dedicated training in writing, editing, and reporting, Journalism wants a working knowledge of history, culture, and current events. You'll more than likely be required to take up a broad range of courses that runs the range from statistics to the hard sciences to economics to history. There would also be a lot of haughty talk about professional ethics and civic responsibility too - and you'll be tested on it. To top it all off, you'll perhaps work on the university newspaper or radio station, or possibly complete an internship with a magazine or a mass media conglomerate.

2007-08-24T23:27:00.001-07:00

ETA
Euskadi Ta Askatasuna or ETA is a Basque nationalist terrorist group founded in 1959. It evolved rapidly from a group advocating usual cultural ways to an armed group fighting for Basque self-government. Every formulation of ETA's goals have centered on sovereignty and self-determination for the Basque Country. ETA's motto is Bietan jarrai. This refers to the two figures in the ETA sign, a snake wrapped around an axe.

ETA is listed as a terrorist organization by the United Nations, European Union and the United States in their related watch lists. ETA has committed about 900 killings and dozens of kidnappings. More than 500 ETA militants are held in jail in Spain and France. On March 22, 2006 the association declared a "permanent ceasefire." After government rejection to agree any peace settlements, ETA broke the ceasefire with a car blast attack on December 30, 2006 at Barajas International Airport, Madrid killing two Ecuadorian immigrants.

2007-08-19T21:35:00.000-07:00

Lollipop
A lollipop, or lolly, is a type of confectionery consisting mainly of hardened, flavoured sucrose with corn syrup mounted on a stick and intended for sucking or licking. In many regions of the United States, the term "sucker" is used interchangeably with or instead of "lollipop". In these areas, the term "lollipop" is often applied to candy that is disc-shaped, while "sucker" is applied to candy that is spherical. Lollipops come in a variety of flavors from cherry, grape and orange to watermelon and green apple. In Europe, especially the Nordic countries, Germany and the Netherlands, salmiakki-flavoured lollipops are also available, but these are largely unknown to the USA. With numerous companies producing lollipops, the candy now comes in dozens of flavors.

They were first commercially manufactured on a large scale in the 1920s. Some lollipops contain fillings, such as bubble gum or Tootsie Rolls. Notable brand names include Chupa Chups and DumDums.

The origin of the lollipop has yet to be determined. Both Racine, Wisconsin and San Francisco, California, claim that they made the first automatic lollipop maker.

2007-08-12T22:31:00.001-07:00

In geography

Geographical space is called land, and has a relation to ownership. While some cultures assert the rights of the individual in terms of ownership, other cultures will identify with a communal approach to land ownership, while still other cultures, rather than asserting ownership rights to land, invert the relationship and consider that they are in fact owned by the land. Spatial planning is a method of regulating the use of space at land-level, with decisions made at regional, national and international levels. Space can also impact on human and cultural behaviour, being an important factor in architecture, where it will impact on the design of buildings and structures, and on farming.

Ownership of space is not restricted to land. Ownership of airspace and of waters is decided internationally. Other forms of ownership have been recently asserted to other spaces — for example to the radio bands of the electromagnetic spectrum or to cyberspace.

Public space is a term used to define areas of land is collectively owned by the community, and managed in their name by delegated authorities. Such spaces are open to all, while private property is the land owned by an individual or company, for their own use and pleasure.

Abstract space is a term used in geography to refer to a hypothetical space characterized by complete homogeneity. When modeling activity or behavior, it is a conceptual tool used to limit extraneous variables such as terrain.

2007-08-06T21:48:00.001-07:00

Military decoration
A military decoration is a decoration given to military personnel or units for heroism in battle or distinguished service. They are designed to be worn on military uniform.

Civil decorations awarded to military personnel should not be considered military decorations, although some orders of chivalry have civil and military divisions. Decorations received by police and fire brigade personnel may sometimes be considered alongside military decorations, on which they may be modelled, although they are strictly not military awards.

Decorations have been known since ancient times. Celts and Romans wore a torc, Dayaks wore and still wear tattoos, etc. Necklaces and bracelets were given during the early middle Ages, evolving into richly jewelled big necklaces, often with a pendant attached.

2007-07-30T22:59:00.001-07:00

The Nile
The Nile is a river in Africa, often regarded as the longest river on Earth, although some sources claim the Amazon in South America is longer. The Nile has two major tributaries, the White Nile and Blue Nile, the latter being the source of most of the Nile's water and fertile soil, but the former being the longer of the two. The two rivers meet near Khartoum.The northern section of the river flows almost entirely through desert, from Sudan into Egypt, acountry whose civilization has depended on the river since ancient times. Most of the population of Egypt and all of its cities, with the exception of those near the coast, lie along those parts of theNile valley north of Aswan; and nearly all the cultural and historical sites of Ancient Egypt are found along the banks of the river.The Nile ends in a large delta that flows into the Mediterranean Sea.

2007-07-23T22:30:00.000-07:00

The computer
A computer is a machine for manipulate data according to a list of commands known as a program. Computers are tremendously adaptable. In fact, they are universal information-processing machines. According to the Church–Turing theory, a computer with a positive minimum entrance capability is in principle capable of performing the responsibilities of any other computer. Therefore, computers with capability ranging from those of a personal digital supporter to a supercomputer may all achieve the same tasks, as long as time and memory capacity are not consideration. Therefore, the same computer design may be modified for tasks ranging from doling out company payrolls to controlling unmanned spaceflights. Due to technical progression, modern electronic computers are exponentially more capable than those of preceding generations. Computers take plentiful physical forms. Early electronic computers were the size of a large room, while whole modern embedded computers may be lesser than a deck of playing cards. Even today, huge computing conveniences still exist for focused scientific computation and for the transaction processing necessities of large organizations. Smaller computers designed for personage use are called personal computers. Along with its convenient equivalent, the laptop computer, the personal computer is the ubiquitous in order processing and communication tool, and is typically what is meant by "a computer". However, the most general form of computer in use today is the embedded computer. Embedded computers are usually comparatively simple and physically small computers used to control one more device. They may control equipment from fighter aircraft to industrial robots to digital cameras. in the beginning, the term "computer" referred to a person who performed numerical calculations, frequently with the aid of a mechanical calculating device or analog computer. In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard made an improvement to the presented loom designs that used a series of punched paper cards as a program to weave involved patterns. The resulting Jacquard loom is not considered a true computer but it was an essential step in the growth of modern digital computers.

Charles Babbage was the first to conceptualize and design a completely programmable computer as early as 1820, In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard made an improvement to the presented loom designs that used a series of punched paper cards as a program to weave involved patterns. The resulting Jacquard loom is not considered a true computer but it was an essential step in the growth of modern digital computers.

but due to a combination of the restrictions of the technology of the time, limited finance, and an incapability to resist tinkering with his design, the device was never really constructed in his lifetime. By the end of the 19th century a number of technologies that would later prove helpful in computing had appeared, out such as the punch card and the vacuum tube, and large-scale automated data giving using punch cards was performed by tabulating equipment designed by Hermann Hollerith.During the first half of the 20th century, many technical computing wants were met by increasingly difficult special-purpose analog computers, which used a direct mechanical or electrical model of the problem as a base for subtraction (they became ever more rare after the development of the programmable digital computer). Sequence of gradually more powerful and stretchy computing devices were construct in the 1930s and 1940s.

2007-07-17T22:34:00.001-07:00

Parachute

By creating drag, a parachute is a soft fabric device used to slow the motion of an object through an atmosphere. Parachutes are usually used to slow the descent of a person or object to Earth or another celestial body within an atmosphere. Occasionally Drogue parachutes are also used to aid horizontal deceleration of a vehicle. From the French words para, protect or shield, and chute, the fall, parachute the word came. "Fall protection" is the real meaning of parachute. Recent parachutes are classified as semi-rigid wings, are quite maneuverable, and can facilitate a controlled descent similar to that of a glider.

Now parachutes are constructed from more durable woven nylon fabric, sometimes coated with silicone to improve performance and consistency over time, but it once made from silk. Manufacturers of parachutes switched to low-stretch materials like Dacron or zero-stretch materials like Spectra, Kevlar, Vectran and high-modulus aramids When the square parachutes were introduced.

2007-07-09T22:51:00.001-07:00

Spatial Measurement

The measurement of physical space has long been important. Geometry, the name given to the branch of mathematics which measures spatial relations, was popularised by the ancient Greeks, although earlier societies had developed measuring systems. The International System of Units, is now the most common system of units used in the measuring of space, and is almost universally used within science.

Geography is the branch of science concerned with identifying and describing the Earth, utilising spatial awareness to try and understand why things exist in specific locations. Cartography is the mapping of spaces to allow better navigation, for visualisation purposes and to act as a locational device. Geostatistics apply statistical concepts to collected spatial data in order to create an estimate for unobserved phenomena. Astronomy is the science involved with the observation, explanation and measuring of objects in outer space.

2007-07-04T21:59:00.001-07:00

MBA-overview!
Every student entering business school to get their MBA degree will require various skills and have basic expertise in particular areas. The level of the mathematical skills will vary depending upon the choice of your program. Many MBA programs need algebra, statistics, and most likely calculus. You may want to revive your skills if they are in query before entering an MBA program, because joining an MBA program without basic skills will be a bit tougher to get through. Most business schools needs the use of private computers throughout your MBA program, in some cases many school will require that you possess your own laptop. Though the degree to which you use a computer will differ, you should be contented with the complete knowledge of word processing, spreadsheets and databases. Every school will provide you their minimum basic necessities for computer skills.

Business schools today try to impersonate the business setting in their academic programs by using student teams. As businesses more and more twisted to teams to work on projects and to solve troubles, MBA programs have converted a huge portion of course work from individual work to teamwork. Many masters of business administration programs now contain teambuilding training as team building workshops, or as a theme in managerial performance courses. Teams are formed mainly for the reason of one project in one course or by remaining together, working on multiple courses for months. In this competitive situation of Business administration programs, the collaboration of students in team building movements is often complicated. Students that take part in team activities find that working with someone else takes up a lot of educational time.

The business fundamentals are taught in every MBA program. Economics, finance, accounting, organizational behavior, marketing, and statistics are in the basic range for master of business administration programs. In business school these subjects are considered a foundation group of courses required for each and every candidate.

These core courses make up the first year of study in a two-year full-time program. In some programs, students who have a prior background in business can by pass some or all of the core courses on the basis of either a special examination or an evaluation of the undergraduate transcript. In some programs, students who have a previous backdrop in business can go around some or all of the foundation courses on the basis of either a special examination or an assessment of the undergraduate record.

2007-06-27T23:02:00.001-07:00

The Real Miracle
As far as Miracles is concern, turning salty seawater in to sweet water is quite amazing. Regardless of the scientific clarification being doled out—surplus freshwater flowing from the Mahim River into the sea—the thousand mass to Mahim Creek near the beachfront in Mumbai will pretty see the ‘transubstantiation’ as the deed of the late Haji Maqdoom Baba, whose shrine is in the area. Mass hysteria, of course, is only a term to clarify the hordes of believers filling plastic bottles and drinking the water. But the real miracle would be if those glugging the ‘miraculous’ water manages to flee succumbing to serious gastric illness.

The water of Mahim Creek, sweetened or otherwise, is dirty and would scandalize not only the likes of Sunita Narain of the Centre for Science and Environment. Maharashtra Chief Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh and officials of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai have already request to people not to drink the water. Industrial waste is not the finest ingredient for a miracle. But telling this to goggle-eyed people facing even more goggle-eyed TV cameras is as worthwhile as persuasive people that a Ganesh idol sipping milk is caused by suction and not godly lactose tolerance.

Fortunately, rumors of the sweetened water turning back to its original brackish form might stop a future surge. Now we only wait for the real miracle of no one complaining of sickness.

2007-06-21T23:28:00.001-07:00

Gold
Gold is a extremely sought-after valuable metal that for many centuries has been used as money, a store of value and in ornaments. The metal occurs as nugget or grains in rocks and in alluvial deposits and is one of the coinage metals. It is a soft, glossy, yellow, dense, malleable, and ductile change metal. Modern manufacturing uses include dentistry and electronics. Gold forms the basis for a financial typical used by the International Monetary Fund and the Bank for International resolution . Its ISO currency code is XAU.

Gold is a tinny element with a trait yellow color, but can also be black or ruby when finely alienated, while colloidal solutions are intensely tinted and often purple. These colors are the effect of gold's plasmon frequency lying in the visible range, which causes red and yellow glow to be reflected, and blue light to be engrossed. Only silver colloids show the same interactions with light, albeit at a shorter occurrence, making silver colloids yellow in color.

Gold is a good conductor of temperature and electricity, and is not precious by air and most reagents. Heat, damp, oxygen, and most corrosive agents have very little chemical effect on gold, making it well-suited for use in coins and jewelry; equally, halogens will chemically alter gold, and aqua regia dissolve it.

Pure gold is too soft for ordinary use and is hard-boiled by alloying with silver, copper, and other metals. Gold and its lots of alloys are most often used in jewelry, coinage and as a typical for monetary exchange in various countries. When promotion it in the form of jewelry, gold is calculated in karats , with pure gold being 24k. However, it is more commonly sold in lower capacity of 22k, 18k, and 14k. A lower "k" indicates a higher percent of copper or silver assorted into the alloy, with copper being the more typically used metal between the two. Fourteen karat gold-copper alloy will be almost identical in color to definite bronze alloys, and both may be used to produce polish and added badges. Eighteen karat gold with a high copper content is establish in some traditional jewelry and will have a distinct, though not dominant copper cast, giving an attractively warm color. A comparable karat weight when alloyed with silvery metals will appear less humid in color, and some low karat white metal alloys may be sold as "white gold", silvery in exterior with a slightly yellow cast but far more resistant to decay than silver or sterling silver. Karat weights of twenty and higher is more general in modern jewelry. Because of its high electrical conductivity and confrontation to decay and other desirable combinations of physical and chemical properties, gold also emerged in the late 20th century as an vital industrial metal, particularly as thin plating on electrical card associates and connectors.

2007-06-17T22:35:00.000-07:00

Jewellery and society
Jewellery is factually any piece of fine material used to decorate oneself. Although in earlier times jewellery was created for more convenient uses, such as wealth storage and pinning clothes together, in recent times it has been used almost completely for beautification. The first pieces of jewellery were made from likely materials, such as bone and animal teeth, shell, wood and engraved stone. Jewellery was often made for people of high importance to show their status and, in many cases, they were covered with it.Jewellery is made out of almost every material recognized and has been made to garnish nearly every body part, from hairpins to toe rings and many more types of jewellery. While high-quality and artistic pieces are made with gemstones and valuable metals, less pricey costume jewellery is made from less-valuable materials and is mass-produced.Form and function Kenyan man exhausting tribal beads.Over time, jewellery has been used for a number of reasons: Currency, wealth display and storage, purposeful Symbolism Protection and Artistic display Most cultures have at some point had a practice of observance large amounts of wealth stored in the form of jewellery. Numerous cultures move wedding dowries in the form of jewelry, or create jewelry as a means to store or display coins. on the other hand, jewellery has been used as a currency or trade good; a mostly poignant example being the use of slave beads.

In creating jewellery, a variety of gemstones, coins, or other valuable items can be used, often set into precious metals. Common expensive metals used for modern jewellery include gold, platinum or silver, although alloys of nearly every metal known can be encountered in jewellery -- bronze, for example, was common in Roman times. Most gold jewellery is made of an alloy of gold, the purity of which is affirmed in karats, indicated by a number followed by the letter K. For example, ordinary gold jewellery ranges from 10K (41.7% pure gold) to 22K (91.6% pure gold), while 24K (99.9% pure gold) is considered too soft for jewellery use.
Platinum alloys variety from 900 (90% pure) to 950 (95.0% pure). The silver used in jewellery is usually sterling silver, or 92.5% fine silver.Other generally used materials include glass, such as merged glass or enamel; wood, often carved or turned; shells and other natural animal substances such as bone and ivory; natural clay, polymer clay, and even plastics.

2007-06-10T21:59:00.001-07:00

Nuclear weapon

From nuclear reactions of fission or fusion nuclear weapon derives its destructive power. Even a single weapon is capable of destroying an entire city.

During the closing days of World War II nuclear weapons have been used twice and the first event was United States dropped uranium gun-type device code-named "Little Boy" on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Three days later it dropped a plutonium implosion-type device code-named "Fat Man" on the city of Nagasaki.These events killed around 100,000 to 200,000 people and still it’s affecting the newborn –babies.

United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, France, People's Republic of China, India, Pakistan, and North Korea are the countries known to have detonated nuclear weapons.Iran attempting to develop nuclear capabilities, though its government claims that it’s acknowledged nuclear activities, such as uranium enrichment, is for peaceful purposes currently. Nuclear explosives have been used for various non-military uses also.

2007-06-03T22:40:00.000-07:00

Three Gorges Dam
The Three Gorges Dam spans the Yangtze River on Sandouping, Yichang, Hubei region, China. Construction began in 1994. It will be the major hydroelectric dam in the world, more than five times the size of the Hoover Dam. The reservoir began filling on June 1, 2003, and will occupy the current position of the scenic Three Gorges area, between the cities of Yichang, Hubei; and Fuling, Chongqing. Structural work was finished on May 20, 2006, nine months ahead of schedule. However, some generators still have to be installed and the dam is not expected to become fully equipped until 2009.

Three Gorges Dam, downstream side, 26 July 2004As with many dams, there is controversy over the operating cost and benefits of the Three Gorges Dam. Although there are economic profit from flood control and hydroelectric power, there are also concerns concerning the future of over 1.9 million people who will be displaced by the flood waters, the loss of some valuable archaeological and cultural sites, as well as the effects on the environment. It is believed that the dam was a contributing part in the extinction of the Yangtze River Dolphin.

2007-05-28T22:18:00.000-07:00

Software

Software basically is the distinct image or representation of physical or material position that constitute configuration to or functional identity of a machine, usually a computer. As a substance of memory, software in principle can be changed without the alteration to the static paradigm of the hardware thus without the remanufacturing thereof. generally software is of an algorithmic form which translates into being to a progression of machine instructions. Some software, however, is of a relational form which translate into being the map of a recognition network.

Software is a program that enables a computer to achieve a specific task, as contrasting to the physical components of the system . This include application software such as a word processor, which enables a user to achieve a task, and system software such as an operating system, which enables other software to run suitably, by interfacing with hardware and with other software.

The term "software" was first used in this intellect by John W. Tukey in 1957. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all computer program. The perception of reading different sequences of instructions into the memory of a apparatus to control computations was invented by Charles Babbage as part of his difference engine. The theory that is the source for most modern software was first projected by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungs problem.

Types
Practical computer systems partition software into three major classes: system software, programming software and application software, although the division is subjective, and often blurred.

* System software is one of the major class helps run the computer hardware and computer system. It includes working systems, device drivers, analytical tools, servers, windowing systems, utilities and more. The intention of systems software is to protect the applications programmer as much as possible from the details of theexacting computer complex being use, especially memory and other hardware features, and such accessory procedure as communications, printers, readers, displays, keyboards, etc.

* Programming software usually provide tools to support a programmer in writing computer programs and software with different programming languages in a more suitable way.The tools comprise text editors, compilers, interpreters, linkers, debuggers, and so on, An incorporated development environment merge those tools into a software bundle, and a programmer may not need to type various command for compiling, interpreter, debugging, tracing, and etc., because the IDE typically has an sophisticated graphical user interface, or GUI.

* Application software allows humans to complete one or more explicit tasks. typical applications include manufacturingautomation, business software, educational software, medical software, databases and computer games. Businesses are possibly the biggest users of application software, but approximately every field of human action now uses some form of application software. It is used tocomputerizeall sorts of functions.

2007-05-20T22:06:00.001-07:00

Trailers

A Trailer is normally an unpowered vehicle pulled by a powered vehicle, because powered trailers are more explicitly called potrailers. Commonly, the term trailer refers to such vehicles used for transport of goods and materials.

Trailer winches are intended to load (or unload) boats and other cargo to and from a trailer. The are invented a ratchet mechanism and cable. The handle on the ratchet mechanism is twisted to tighten or loosen the tension on the winch cable. There are both manual and motorized trailer winches

Popup campers are trivial, aerodynamic trailers that can be towed by a small car, such as the BMW Air Camper and the Coleman Bayside. They are built to be shorter than the tow vehicle, minimizing drag.

Others range from two-axle campers that can be pulled by most mid-sized pickups to trailers that are as long as the host country's law allows for drivers without individual permits. Larger campers tend to be fully integrated leisure vehicles, which often are used to tow single-axle dolly trailers to allow the driver to bring small cars on their travels.

2007-05-14T22:18:00.001-07:00

Tsunamis are tidal waves formed by underwater earthquakes or, much less frequently, by volcanic eruptions - meteor impacts - or underwater landslides. They that can exceed 400 miles per hours in the deep ocean.
In deep water a tsunami may only be inches - or a few feet high. But when it reaches a shoreline that energies becomes a wall of water that can be a mile high.
Since 1990, there have been 82 tsunamis, out of which 10 have claimed more than 4,000 lives.
According to researchers, there is a significant rise both in numbers of waves and in death tolls over the century. Up until the now - the average per decade has been 57. The increase in tsunamis reported is due to improved global communications; the high death are partly due to increases in coastal populations.
The word Tsunami comes from the Japanese tsu and nami . Appropriate naming, as some 80 percent of all tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ocean and Japan has suffered many, some coming from as far away as South America. Tsunamis are often incorrectly called tidal waves, but tides have nothing to do with them (though the damage may be worse if a tsunami hits at high tide).
A tsunami (pronounced tsoo-nah-mee) is a wave train, or series of waves, generated in a body of water by an impulsive disturbance that vertically displaces the water column. Earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, explosions, and even the impact of cosmic bodies, such as meteorites, can generate tsunamis. Tsunamis can savagely attack coastlines, causing devastating property damage and loss of life.
Tsunamis are unlike wind-generated waves, which many of us may have observed on a local lake or at a coastal beach, in that they are characterized as shallow-water waves, with long periods and wave lengths. The wind-generated swell one sees at a after another, might have a period of about 10 seconds and a wave length of 150 m. A tsunami, on the other hand, can have a wavelength in excess of 100 km and period on the order of one hour.
As a result of their long wave lengths, tsunamis behave as shallow-water waves. A wave becomes a shallow-water wave when the ratio between the water - travels at about 200 m/s, or over 700 km/hr. Because the rate at which a wave loses its energy is inversely related to its wave length, tsunamis not only propagate at high speeds, they can also travel great, transoceanic distances with limited energy losses.
Tsunamis can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water. Tectonic earthquakes are a particular kind of earthquake that are associated with the earth's crustal deformation; when these earthquakes occur created.
Large vertical movements of the earth's crust can occur at plate boundaries. Plates interact along these boundaries called faults. Around the margins of the Pacific Ocean, for example, denser oceanic plates slip under continental plates in a process known as subduction. Subduction earthquakes are particularly effective in generating tsunamis.
A tsunami can be generated by any disturbance that displaces a large water mass from its equilibrium position. In the case of earthquake-generated tsunamis, can also disturb the overlying water column as sediment and rock slump downslope and are redistributed across the sea floor. Similarly, a violent submarine volcanic eruption can create an impulsive force that uplifts the water column and generates a tsunami. Conversely, supermarine landslides and cosmic-body impacts disturb the water from above, as momentum from falling debris is transferred to the water into which the debris falls. Generally area.
One of the worst tsunami disasters engulfed whole villages along Sanriku, Japan, in 1896. A wave more than seven stories tall drowned some 26,000 people. More than 30,000 people died in Java from a 1883 tsunami cause by a volcanic eruption.

2007-05-08T22:04:00.001-07:00

Stocking
Stock option investing is buying an stock option to purchase or sell a stock for a specified price on or before a specified date. There are two different types of stock options. A call option is the right to buy a security and the person who purchases it is called the "buyer." A put option is the right to sell a security and the person selling it is called the option "seller" or "writer."

The advantage of Stock Option Investing is that it allows you to maximize your potential reward while minimizing your risk. Stock Option Investing allows you to leverage your investment by buying and selling them in various combinations to create exactly the risk profile you desire. You can use them to take advantage of any market conditions, not just the highs or lows.

2007-05-02T05:07:00.000-07:00

Ganesha drinking milk again

NEW DELHI: In a re-run of the September 1995 frenzy when Ganesha statues were said to be drinking milk offered to them, devotees apparently thronged temples on Sunday night, making alike claims. This time, nevertheless, all idols were reported to be drinking milk.

This followed some reports received from additional parts of the country, particularly UP, earlier in the day. Shiv Mandir in Uttam Nagar and Shri Ram temple on Aruna Asaf Ali Marg in New Delhi witnessed a huge rush.

Said a Ram temple priest, "People observed that Ganesha is drinking milk around 8 pm, after which the word spread and thousands thronged the temple to try it out. Lord Ganesha drank milk from all. The crowd remained till around 11 pm."

Rationalists have explained the scientific cause behind this phenomenon, including surface tension, but faith and superstition always hit back. Said a devotee, "It was amazing.”

2007-04-25T22:56:00.000-07:00

Infrared
Infrared (IR) emission is electromagnetic emission of a wavelength longer than that of noticeable light, but shorter than that of radio waves. The name means "below red", red being the color of detectable light of longest wavelength. Infrared radiation spans three instructions of magnitude and has wavelengths between about 750 nm and 1 mm.

These divisions are suitable by the different human response to this radiation: near infrared is the area closest in wavelength to the radiation detectable by the human eye, mid and far infrared are gradually further from the visible regime. Other definitions follow different physical mechanisms and the newest follow technical reasons .Unfortunately the international standards for these specifications are not currently obtainable.

The boundary between visible and infrared light is not precisely defined. The human eye is markedly less responsive to light above 700 nm wavelength, so longer frequencies make irrelevant contributions to scenes illuminated by common light sources. But particularly strong light (e.g., from lasers, or from bright daylight with the visible light removed by colored gels can be detected up to approximately 780 nm, and will be apparent as red light. The onset of infrared is defined at different values typically between 700 nm and 780 nm.

2006-10-17T22:59:00.000-07:00

Aluminium or aluminum is a silvery and ductile member of the poor metal group of chemical elements. In the periodic table it has the symbol Al and atomic number 13.Aluminium is found primarily in the bauxite ore and is remarkable for its resistance to corrosion and its light weight. Aluminium is used in many industries to manufacture a large variety of products and is very important to the world economy. Structural components made from aluminium and its alloys are vital to the aerospace industry and very important in other areas of transportation and building.

2006-10-09T19:45:00.000-07:00

Manhattan refers to both the Island of Manhattan and encompasses most of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the five boroughs of New York City. The commercial, financial, and cultural center of the city, Manhattan has many famous landmarks, tourist attractions, museums and universities. It is also home to the headquarters of the United Nations and the seat of city government.
The borough of Manhattan is coterminous with New York County, which is also the most densely populated county in the United States. Postal addresses within the borough are typically designated as "New York, NY."
Manhattan has the largest central business district in the United States and is the site of most of the city's corporate headquarters and the New York Stock Exchange. Although its population is third largest of the five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, and it is geographically the smallest, Manhattan is the borough that many visitors most closely associate with New York City.

2006-09-27T07:38:00.000-07:00

Card game
Those playing it may agree to change the rules as they wish. The rules that they agree on become the "house rules" under which they play the game. A set of house rules may be accepted as valid by a group of players wherever they play. It may also be accepted as governing all play within a particular house, café, or club.

When a game becomes sufficiently popular, so that people often play it with strangers, there is a need for a generally accepted set of rules. For example, when whist became popular in 18th-century England, players in the Portland Club agreed on a set of house rules for use on its premises. If you decide to play whist seriously, it would be sensible to learn the Portland Club rules, so that you can play with other people who already know these rules.

And if you play whist seriously with a group of friends, you are still perfectly free to devise your own set of rules The presence of his name on a rule book has no significance at all. The rules given in the book may be no more than the opinion of the author.

In many official sets of rules for card games, the rules specifying the penalties for various infractions occupy more pages than the rules specifying how to play correctly. This is tedious, but necessary for games that are played seriously. Players who intend to play a card game at a high level generally ensure before beginning that all agree on the penalties to be used.

2006-09-08T08:40:00.000-07:00

An aquariumis a vivarium, usually contained in a clear-sided container in which water-dwelling plants and animals are kept in captivity, often for public display; or it is an establishment featuring such displays. Aquarium keeping is a popular hobby around the world, with about 60 million enthusiasts worldwide. From the 1850s, when the predecessor of the modern aquarium was first developed as a novelty, the ranks of aquarists have swelled as more sophisticated systems including lighting and filtration systems were developed to keep aquarium fish healthy. Public aquaria reproduce the home aquarist's hobby on a grand scale — the Osaka Aquarium, for example, boasts a tank of 5,400 m³ and a collection of about 580 species of aquatic life.
A wide variety of aquaria are now kept by hobbyists, ranging from a simple bowl housing a single fish to complex simulated ecosystems with carefully engineered support systems. Aquaria are usually classified as containing fresh water or salt water and brackish water, at tropical or cold water temperatures. These characteristics, and others, determine the type of fish and other inhabitants that can survive and thrive in the aquarium. Inhabitants for aquaria are often collected from the wild, although there is a growing list of organisms that are bred in captivity for supply to the aquarium trade.
The careful aquarist dedicates considerable effort to maintaining a tank ecology that mimics its inhabitants' natural habitat. Controlling water quality includes managing the inflow and outflow of nutrients, most notably the management of waste produced by tank inhabitants. The nitrogen cycle describes the flow of nitrogen from input via food, through toxic nitrogenous waste produced by tank inhabitants, to metabolism to less toxic compounds by beneficial bacteria populations. Other components in maintaining a suitable aquarium environment include appropriate species selection, management of biological loading, and good physical design. Failing to provide these conditions may invite Fish diseases.

2006-08-21T18:56:00.000-07:00

Liger is also a genus of spiders in the Linyphiidae family.
The liger (Panthera leogris) is a cross (a hybrid) between a female tiger and a male lion. It is therefore a member of genus Panthera. It has also been known as a lion-tiger mule. A liger looks like a giant lion with diffused stripes. Some male ligers grow sparse manes. Like tigers, but unlike lions, ligers enjoy swimming. The liger is the largest animal in the feline family Felidae.
A cross between a male tiger and a female lion is called a tigon. According to The Tiger, Symbol of Freedom rare reports have been made of tigresses mating with lions in the wild.
A. A. Milne wrote in The London Magazine, "Under exceptional circumstances it has been known for a tiger to be forced into ranges inhabited by the Asian lion, Panthera leo persica, which is the same genus as the tiger. Rare reports have been made of tigresses mating with lions in the wild and producing offspring known as ligers. When a tiger and a lioness mate the cub is called a tigon.'" This would have referred to the Gir Forest in India where the ranges of Asiatic Lions and Bengal Tigers overlap.

2006-08-07T00:56:00.000-07:00

History of India

The History of India can be traced in fragments to as far back as 9500 years ago. The Indus Valley Civilization, one of the oldest in the world. This was followed by the Vedic Civilization. The origin of the Indo-Aryans is under some dispute. Most scholars today believe in some form of the Indo-Aryan migration hypothesis which proposes that the Aryans, a semi-nomadic people, possibly from Central Asia or northern Iran, migrated into the north-west regions of the Indian subcontinent between 2000 and 1500 BCE. The nature of this migration, the place of origin of the Aryans, and sometimes even the very existence of the Aryans as a separate people are hotly debated. The merger of the Vedic culture with the earlier Dravidian cultures combines the indian culture.

Apparently resulted in classical Indian culture, though the exact details of this process are controversial. The births of Mahavira and Buddha in the 6th century BC mark the beginning of well-recorded Indian history. For the next 1500 years, India produced its classical civilization, and is estimated to have had the largest economy of the ancient world between the 1st and 15th centuries CE, controlling between one third and one quarter of the world's wealth up to the time of the Mughals, from whence it rapidly declined during British rule.